小四五汤在艾滋病血脂异常患者中的应用

艾滋病患者进行HAART过程中,使用含有克立芝片(洛匹那韦/利托那韦片)或依非韦伦片的抗病毒药治疗方案时,这2种药物有导致血脂异常的不良反应,患者常血脂升高。基于艾滋病中医共同病机的研究结果,选用小四五汤干预,发现该方能明显降低血脂。提高了艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗的依从性,增强了治疗效果,值得进一步深入研究。     

逐瘀止血汤加减治疗慢性子宫内膜炎气虚血瘀证的疗效观察

目的 评价逐瘀止血汤加减对慢性子宫内膜炎（CE）气虚血瘀证患者妊娠结局的影响及对免疫炎症因子的调节作用。方法 将144例患者随机按数字表法分为观察组和对照组各72例。观察组脱落、失访4例，剔除2例，完成66例；对照组脱落、失访3例，剔除5例，完成65例。两组均给予抗感染治疗14 d。对照组口服妇科千金片，6片/次，3次/d。观察组内服逐瘀止血汤加减，1剂/d。两组疗程均为3个月，并随访6个月。记录治疗前后月经经量、经期和周期变化情况；进行治疗前后宫腔镜和阴道彩色多普勒超声检查，评价子宫内膜形态、子宫内膜容受性（CP）［子宫内膜厚度、阻力指数（RI），搏动指数（PI）和血流指数（FI）］等，并进行子宫内膜病理检查；进行治疗前后气虚血瘀证评分；检测治疗前后月经血白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β），IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平和外周血测T淋巴亚群（CD3⁺，CD4⁺，CD8⁺）水平；随访记录妊娠情况和流产情况。进行安全性评价。结果 治疗后观察组经量、经期、周期和月经完全正常率均高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组子宫内膜厚度和FI均高于对照组（P<0.01），RI和PI均低于对照组（P<0.01）；观察组月经血IL-1β，IL-6和TNF-α水平均低于对照组（P<0.01）；观察组CD3⁺，CD4⁺水平和CD4⁺/ CD8⁺均高于对照组（P<0.01），CD8⁺水平低于对照组（P<0.01）；在6个月随访期间，观察组妊娠率46.97%（31/66），高于对照组的27.69%（18/65）（χ²=5.197，P<0.05）；观察组子宫内膜形态疗效总有效率为96.97%（64/66），高于对照组的86.15%（56/65）（χ²=4.981，P<0.05）；观察组子宫内膜病理组织疗效总有效率为95.45%（63/66），高于对照组的84.62%（55/65）（χ²=4.304，P<0.05）；观察组综合临床疗效总有效率为93.94%（62/66），高于对照组的81.54%（55/65）（χ²=4.696，P<0.05）；两组治疗期间均未发现与中药相关不良反应。结论 逐瘀止血汤加减治疗CE气虚血瘀证患者，可调经月经、减轻临床症状，改善宫腔镜下内膜形态，调节全身和局部的免疫炎症反应，提高了CP，从而改善了妊娠结局，有着较好的综合疗效，且安全。     

Addition of platelet‐rich plasma supports immune modulation and improved mechanical integrity in Alloderm mesh for ventral hernia repair in a rat model

The recurrence of ventral hernias continues to be a problem faced by surgeons, in spite of efforts toward implementing novel repair techniques and utilizing different materials to promote healing. Cadaveric acellular dermal matrices (Alloderm) have shown some promise in numerous surgical subspecialties, but these meshes still suffer from subsequent failure and necessitation of re‐intervention. Here, it is demonstrated that the addition of platelet rich plasma to Alloderm meshes temporally modulates both the innate and cytotoxic inflammatory responses to the implanted material. This results in decreased inflammatory cytokine production at early time points, decreased matrix metalloproteinase expression, and decreased CD8+ T cell infiltration. Collectively, these immune effects result in a healing phenotype that is free from mesh thinning and characterized by increased material stiffness.     

Prognostic and immunological roles of Fc fragment of IgG binding protein in colorectal cancer

Valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Previous studies have reported altered expression of a mucin-like protein Fc fragment of IgG binding protein (FCGBP) in various types of cancer, but its potential diagnostic, prognostic and immunological roles in CRC remain to be determined. Therefore, the aim of current study was to investigate the potential roles of FCGBP in CRC. The present study investigated FCGBP mutations and changes in its expression levels using a combination of microarray and public dataset analyses, as well as immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated a 10.5% mutation frequency in the FCGBP coding sequence in CRC tissues, and identified decreased FCGBP mRNA or protein expression levels in colorectal adenoma and CRC (compared with those in normal colorectal tissues from healthy control subjects), including pathologically advanced CRC (stage III+IV vs. I+II). Survival analysis using the GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases revealed that low FCGBP expression levels were associated with short overall, disease-free, relapse-free and event-free survival times in patients with CRC. Notably, analysis using the online Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource database revealed a positive correlation between FCGBP expression levels and the extent of infiltrating immune cells, such as B cells and dendritic cells. Consistently, the expression levels of most markers (51/57) for various types of immune cells were significantly correlated with FCGBP expression levels in CRC tissues. These findings suggested that FCGBP may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and that FCGBP may be associated with immune infiltration in CRC.     

HSG、Ki67组织表达与宫颈癌新辅助化疗治疗效果的相关分析

目的探讨细胞增殖抑制基因(HSG)、增殖细胞核抗原(Ki67)组织表达与宫颈癌新辅助化疗治疗效果的相关性。方法选取2017年1月至2019年7月广东省第二人民医院收治的180例经临床确诊的宫颈癌患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组90例。对照组采用传统手术治疗和放疗;观察组实施收治治疗、放疗及新辅助化疗。统计比较两组治疗前后HSG、Ki67水平变化、临床疗效及不良反应发生率情况。结果观察组术后3周及术后6周HSG阳性表达率高于对照组,而Ki67阳性表达率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组疾病控制率(DCR)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论宫颈患部HSG表达率与宫颈癌患者的康复情况呈正相关,而Ki67表达水平与宫颈癌患者DCR呈负相关。评估HSG及Ki67指标变化对宫颈癌新辅助化疗结果的评价具有重要的指导价值。     

免疫检查点抑制剂在乳腺癌免疫治疗中应用进展

乳腺癌已成为全球发病率最高的癌症，其异质性使得乳腺癌分类治疗进入了精准治疗时代。随着肿瘤免疫治疗的成功，既往被认为“弱免疫原性”的乳腺癌也跨入了免疫治疗阶段。目前，免疫检查点抑制剂在乳腺癌免疫治疗的临床应用中取得了重大进展，但乳腺癌免疫治疗单药的获益人群有限，联合方案成为新的研究热点。随着免疫检查点抑制剂在乳腺癌中的研究进展，有效联合免疫治疗和化疗可能提高乳腺癌病人的生存率，但用药时机和适用人群仍需合理评估。免疫治疗在乳腺癌中既有应用前景，也存在挑战。     

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicities

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are molecules that increase the endogenous immune response against tumors. They have revolutionized the field of oncology. Since their initial approval for the treatment of advanced melanoma, their use has expanded to the treatment of several other advanced cancers. Unfortunately, immune checkpoint inhibitors have also been associated with the emergence of a new subset of autoimmune-like toxicities, known as immune-related adverse events. These toxicities differ depending on the agent, malignancy, and individual susceptibilities. Although the skin and colon are most commonly involved, any organ may be affected, including the liver, lungs, kidneys, and heart. Most of these toxicities are diagnosed by excluding other secondary infectious or inflammatory causes. Corticosteroids are commonly used for treatment of moderate and severe immune-related adverse events, although additional immunosuppressive therapy may occasionally be required. The occurrence of immune-related toxicities may require discontinuation of immunotherapy, depending on the specific toxicity and its severity. In this article, we provide a focused review to familiarize practicing clinicians with this important topic given that the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors continues to increase.